Explaining AMH, FSH, LH, ovarian reserve indication, and other hormonal markers

Trying to conceive but not sure where to start? Your hormones may already have the answers.

 

If you’re planning a pregnancy or have been trying without success, blood tests offer an important window into your reproductive health. These tests help uncover hormonal imbalances, evaluate ovarian reserve, and detect possible causes of infertility in both women and men.

 

In this article, we’ll break down and explain some common fertility blood tests, and help you prepare for your next steps with clarity and confidence.

 

What Are Fertility Blood Tests and How Do They Help?

 

Fertility blood tests are designed to measure hormone levels that control ovulation, egg and sperm development, and overall reproductive function. These tests help assess both female and male fertility, guiding your next steps if you’re having trouble conceiving.

 

Whether you’re just starting your journey or have been trying for a while, this usually begins with a blood test. 

 

What Does the FSH Test Reveal About Your Fertility?

 

The FSH test (follicle-stimulating hormone) is typically done on the second or third day of your menstrual cycle. FSH is a hormone to help indicate hard your brain is working to stimulate your ovaries growing follicles to prepare for ovulation. In a way, FSH level could be a marker of ovarian reserve, along with anti-Mullerian hormone. 

High FSH value may suggest that your ovarian reserve (egg supply) is low. If FSH level is too low, it might point to hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation.

This fertility test is a valuable tool in both diagnosing female infertility and predicting how you might respond to fertility treatments.

 

How Does LH Support Ovulation?

 

The LH test (Luteinizing Hormone) plays a key role in triggering ovulation. Around your ovulation day, a sudden surge in LH tells your ovary to release a mature egg.

 

LH levels help determine if and when you’re ovulating, which can be useful for timing intercourse or planning in vitro fertilization (IVF). High LH may also be associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

 

Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (Serum AMH) Explained

 

The AMH test (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) has become one of the most widely used ovarian reserve testing tools. Unlike FSH, anti-Müllerian hormone can be done on any day of your menstrual cycle.

 

Serum level of AMH reflect how many small follicles are growing in your ovaries, and give you insight as a predictor of ovarian response  during fertility treatment (like during IVF cycles and ovarian stimulation process).

 

Women with diminished ovarian reserve may show a low AMH level; while higher AMH levels can be seen in PCOS. 

What Does the Progesterone Test Tell You?

 

Progesterone is the hormone your body produces after ovulation. It helps thicken the lining of the uterus, making it ready to support a fertilized egg.

A progesterone test, typically done a week after ovulation, checks whether you ovulated that cycle, and as a predictor of implantation event. Low levels may indicate problems with ovulation.

If your cycle is irregular or you’re unsure when you ovulate, your doctor might recommend repeated blood tests to better understand your pattern.

 

Should You Test for Prolactin?

 

Prolactin is best known for stimulating breast milk production, but high levels can interfere with ovulation and cause fertility issues. A prolactin blood test may be recommended if you’re experiencing irregular periods, low libido, or milky breast discharge (when not pregnant or breastfeeding).

 

High prolactin can suppress FSH and LH, leading to hormone disruption and reduced chances of getting pregnant.

 

What Hormonal Markers Should Men Take for Fertility?

 

Men aren’t left out of the picture. Fertility tests for men often begin with a semen analysis, but hormone tests can also uncover important insights, such as low sperm count, erectile dysfunction, or unexplained infertility.

Some recommended tests for men include:

• FSH and LH – Help regulate sperm production
• Testosterone – Key for libido and sperm health
• Prolactin or Estrogen – Elevated levels may lower sperm count

 

How To Prepare For The Test

 

Most fertility blood tests require drawing blood at specific points in your cycle. Your doctor may ask you to come in on the third day of your menstrual cycle, or one week after ovulation, depending on the test.

 

Your fertility specialist would prescribe relevant hormone test, and may recommend supplements, medications, or lifestyle changes depending on your test results to help addressing these issues. Let your provider know about any medications or supplements you’re taking, as some can affect test results. Also mention if you’ve had recent illness, stress, or missed periods.

 

A proper fertility evaluation may also include ultrasound scans or tests to check the Fallopian tubes if needed.

 

Summary:         

• Fertility blood test helps uncover the cause of infertility by evaluating hormone levels
• Common tests include FSH, LH, AMH, progesterone, and prolactin.
• Both FSH and AMH are key markers for ovarian reserve testing.
• Men may also benefit from hormone testing as well.
• Work with a fertility specialist to interpret your results and discuss a suitable treatment plan.

 

If you’ve been unable to conceive or just want to take charge of your reproductive health, ask your health care provider about the right tests for you. Early insight can help you feel empowered, supported, and ready for whatever comes next.

Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice. Please consult your doctor or fertility specialist for personalized care.